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THE FLEXIRUBIN-TYPE PIGMENTS, CHEMOSYSTEMATICALLY USEFUL COMPOUNDS
Reichenbach, Hans Kohl, W. Achenbach, H.
Reichenbach, Hans
Kohl, W.
Achenbach, H.
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Issue Date
1981-03
Submitted date
2023-03-29
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Abstract
The flexirubin-type pigments are compounds of a novel chemical structure: A polyenoic
acid chromophore with a para-hydroxy phenyl ring (ring A) in the end position
is esterified with a di-alkylated resorcinol (ring B). The basic structure may be modified
by a) a variation of the chain length of the chromophore between 6 and 8 conjugated
double bonds; b) a methylation in the meta-position in ring A; c) a chlorination
in the meta-position in ring A; and d) broad variations of the hydrocarbon
chains in ring B with respect to the chain length and linearity. All strains, which
contain flexirubin-type pigments, also produce chlorinated counterparts of most of
the structural variants. The distribution of flexirubin-type pigments among yellow
bacteria makes them very useful chemosystematic markers. They are found in most
strains of Flexibacter and Cytophaga-like bacteria isolated from soil and freshwater,
in Sporocytophaga, and in many flavobacteria of the low GC-group. They seem to be absent
in gram-positive bacteria, in flagellated bacteria, and in most Cytophaga-like
bacteria isolated from marine environments. Many bacteria, which produce flexirubintype
pigments, contain complex mixtures of up to 25 different structural variants,
but nevertheless it seems that each taxonomic group synthesizes its own specific modification
of the pigment. In contrast to carotenoids, also present in many of the
above-mentioned organisms, flexirubin-type pigments are located in the outer membrane
of the gram-negative cell wall. The biological function of the new pigments is still
obscure: Unpigmented mutants can be obtained, and grow well under laboratory conditions.
Citation
The Flavobacterium-Cytophaga Group, 101
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Book chapter
conference paper
conference paper
Language
en
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GBF Monograph Series, No. 5
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Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International